A high‐resolution submersible oxygen optode system for aquatic eddy covariance

The aquatic eddy covariance technique is increasingly used to determine oxygen (O2) fluxes over benthic ecosystems. uses O2 measuring systems that have a high temporal and numerical resolution. In this study, we performed series of lab field tests assess new optical submersible meter designed for measurements equipped with an existing ultra-high speed fiber sensor. has 16-bit digital-to-analog-signal conversion produces 0–5 V output at rate up 40 Hz. device was paired acoustic Doppler velocimeter. combined fiber-optic sensor's response time significantly faster in O2-undersaturated water compared O2-supersaturated (0.087 vs. 0.12 s), but still sufficiently fast measurements. optode signal not sensitive variations flow or light exposure. However, the affected by direction flow. When sensor tip exposed from back rather than front, increased 37%. meter's internal processing determined be ~ 0.05 s, delay can corrected during postprocessing. order built-in temperature correction accurate, should always submerged multiple 21–47 h tests, system recorded consistently high-quality, low-noise flux data. Overall, powerful option collecting robust